A Collaborative Research

• Poultry provides a sustainable income at minimal investment as well as security against risk and is a cheap source of protein, especially for poor households in developing countries. Hence, it is important to emphasize the relationship between livelihood and poultry in designing pro-poor HPAI control strategies. • There is need for a more rigorous consideration of the links between scale of production and biosecurity in order to have a uniform structure for the poultry system, particularly backyard poultry. • Many efforts have been made to mitigate the risk of HPAI as well as to develop strategic and emergency preparedness plans for its prevention and control, but the cost-effectiveness of these efforts remains to be determined, particularly in an endemic HPAI situation. Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People’s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia